Malassezia (yeast) Dermatitis
Definition
Malassezia Dermatitis is a pruritic condition associated with the presence of the yeast Malassezia pachydermatitis. This common yeast organism that is found on normal and abnormal canine skin and ears. On normal healthy skin it causes no problems, but when the environment of the skin is altered for any one of many reasons, Malassezia can cause severe dermatitis or otitis (inflammation of the skin or ears respectively)
etiology
increased yeast organisms or hypersensitivity to surface yeast may be associated with disease that may induce seborrheic conditions on the skin.
predisposition factors:
hypothyroidism
flea bite hypersensitivity
food hypersensitivity
atopic dermatitis
superficial pyoderma
primary keratinization disorders
longterm antibiotic or glucocorticoid therapy
breed
Pathophysiology
The precise pathogenesis is unclear, although Malassezia pachydermatitis thrives in areas of skin with increased lipid content and may be more prevalent in greograpic region where humidity is hight.
Clinical sign
The typical clinical signs associated with Malassezia dermatitis in dogs are :
Alopecia
Erythema
Greasy coat
Hyperpigmentation
Increased scale production
Lichenification
Pruritus
Seborrhoeic smell
Diferential diagnosis
Demodicosis, atopic dermatitis, food hypersensitivity, sarcoptic mange, superficial pyoderma, idiopathic defects in keratinization
Diagnosis
Skin cytology is recommended to confirm the diagnosis and suitable samples may be collected by a variety of techniques including :
•Direct impression smears onto glass slides
•Swabbing
•Sticky tape collection
•Skin scraping
•Biopsy
The yeast can be identified under a microscope by it's characteristic appearance :
•No mycelia
•Lipophilic (stains blue with Dif QuikTM)
•An elongated oval (peanut) shape
•A thick wall
•Budding at one end
Treatment
Ketoconazole (5-10mg/kg for 2-4 weeks),itraconazole or fluconazole may be necessary.
Shampoos - degreasing and antifungal Anti-inflammatory drugs such as corticosteroids may not provide relief for the pruritus seen in patients with Malassezia dermatitis
Malassezia Dermatitis is a pruritic condition associated with the presence of the yeast Malassezia pachydermatitis. This common yeast organism that is found on normal and abnormal canine skin and ears. On normal healthy skin it causes no problems, but when the environment of the skin is altered for any one of many reasons, Malassezia can cause severe dermatitis or otitis (inflammation of the skin or ears respectively)
etiology
increased yeast organisms or hypersensitivity to surface yeast may be associated with disease that may induce seborrheic conditions on the skin.
predisposition factors:
hypothyroidism
flea bite hypersensitivity
food hypersensitivity
atopic dermatitis
superficial pyoderma
primary keratinization disorders
longterm antibiotic or glucocorticoid therapy
breed
Pathophysiology
The precise pathogenesis is unclear, although Malassezia pachydermatitis thrives in areas of skin with increased lipid content and may be more prevalent in greograpic region where humidity is hight.
Clinical sign
The typical clinical signs associated with Malassezia dermatitis in dogs are :
Alopecia
Erythema
Greasy coat
Hyperpigmentation
Increased scale production
Lichenification
Pruritus
Seborrhoeic smell
Diferential diagnosis
Demodicosis, atopic dermatitis, food hypersensitivity, sarcoptic mange, superficial pyoderma, idiopathic defects in keratinization
Diagnosis
Skin cytology is recommended to confirm the diagnosis and suitable samples may be collected by a variety of techniques including :
•Direct impression smears onto glass slides
•Swabbing
•Sticky tape collection
•Skin scraping
•Biopsy
The yeast can be identified under a microscope by it's characteristic appearance :
•No mycelia
•Lipophilic (stains blue with Dif QuikTM)
•An elongated oval (peanut) shape
•A thick wall
•Budding at one end
Treatment
Ketoconazole (5-10mg/kg for 2-4 weeks),itraconazole or fluconazole may be necessary.
Shampoos - degreasing and antifungal Anti-inflammatory drugs such as corticosteroids may not provide relief for the pruritus seen in patients with Malassezia dermatitis
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